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Hearing voices and the quest for autonomy: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Authors: Noroozi S, Doroud N, Longden E, Thomas N
Journal: Psychology and psychotherapy
mental health psychology open access

Abstract

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is linked to skin cancer, photoaging, photo‐immunologic suppression and the exacerbation of photosensitive skin disorders [, ]. Even suberythemal UVR exposure causes DNA damage, which can result in malignant transformation of skin cells []. Coupled with its immunosuppressive properties, UVR exposure is a major risk factor for carcinogenesis []. Australia's UVR levels are among the highest in the world, due to its location near the equator, proximity to the sun in summer, and lower levels of air pollution. Consequently, Australia has the highest incidence rate of melanoma worldwide, and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers diagnosed [, ]. Despite poorer skin health, regional Australia has limited access to dermatology specialist care compared to metropolitan areas. According to Victorian Cancer Registry data from 2021 to 2023, melanoma diagnoses are over 50% higher in regional Victoria compared to major cities [], yet only 6% of Australian dermatologists have their primary place of practice in a regional or remote area []. Skin cancers disproportionately affect outdoor workers like farmers []. Due to the nature of their work, Australian farmers are exposed to more UVR than the general population. Observational studies suggest that farmers have a higher likelihood of NMSC compared to non‐farmers and are at higher risk of dying from skin cancer [, , ]. Australia's skin cancer prevention campaigns have been widely influential, yet farmers still demonstrate suboptimal sun protective behaviours despite recognising the carcinogenic effects of UVR [, , , , ].