Preparatory Attention to Visual Features Spreads Globally.

Islamophobia amongst Muslim nurses in Canada is an issue that has not been significantly explored in the literature. As of 2021, there were 312,382 practicing Registered Nurses in Canada (). Although the exact number of Muslim nurses in Canada is currently unknown, what is known is that the Muslim population in Canada has been steadily growing. Therefore, it can likely be concluded that the number of Muslim nurses in Canada is also increasing. Islamophobia is defined as: “any distinction, exclusion, or restriction towards, or preference against, Muslims (, p. 1). After the terror attacks on the World Trade Center in the United States on 9/11, there has been a marked increase in Islamophobia experienced by Muslims (). From 2016 to 2021, Canada experienced the most significant number of Muslims killed in hate-motivated attacks of all the G7 countries (). These data demonstrate that Islamophobia is still prevalent in Canada, 20 years after the events of 9/11. The attitudes that everyday Canadians hold regarding Muslims also affect Muslim nurses in this country. A study conducted by authours Saleh et al. has found that Islamophobia is very much present in Canada's nursing profession, yet currently, there are limited data on this topic. A scoping review found that there is currently a lack of research on Islamophobia in healthcare, especially experiences of Islamophobia towards Muslim women ().