Traumatic brain injury impact on normal hearing.

The phrase “pilon fracture”, a type of ankle fracture, is not precisely defined but typically refers to a fracture of the distal third of the tibia, including the articular surface of the distal tibia. Pilon fractures are relatively common, representing approximately 3% – 10% of tibial fractures., , Most of these injuries happen around age 45, and males are significantly more likely than women to sustain them. Furthermore, the fibula is fractured in 75% – 90% of cases. The severity of the damage is further demonstrated by the generally poor functional outcomes following high-energy pilon fractures. A comprehensive retrospective investigation by Pollak et al. in 2003 used SF-36 scores obtained from questionnaires on health-related quality of life, finding markedly reduced scores relative to the age-matched control group, and were worsened by chronic comorbidities such as diabetes, asthma, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities after major orthopedic surgery is linked with an elevated likelihood of pulmonary embolism and mortality. Statistical data reveal an annual mortality rate of up to 300,000 individuals in the United States due to pulmonary thromboembolism. Once major vein thrombosis (such as femoral vein thrombosis or popliteal vein) is diagnosed, patients necessitate intensive and prolonged thrombolytic therapy, alongside repeated ultrasound evaluations. This approach is frequently associated with risks such as bleeding, DVT recurrence, and significant medical costs. Understanding the factors associated with increased DVT risk and implementing preventive measures are essential components of clinical practice. Earlier research has examined the associations between DVT and ankle fractures. While SooHoo et al. evaluated DVT risk following surgery for ankle fracture, only a limited number of potential factors were incorporated into the multivariate model. Shibuya et al. used data from the United States National Trauma Data Bank to analyze associations between DVT and pulmonary embolism following ankle trauma; however, they did not specifically address the issue of ankle fractures. By far, few studies have distinguished pilon fractures from ankle fractures. Due to their unique fracture characteristics, all pilon fractures affect the articular surface to different extents, presenting difficulties for the construction of models for predicting DVT risk. At the same time, previous studies primarily focused on coagulation indicators. Thus, this study aims to address other potential risk factors, particularly incorporating the patient's preoperative comorbidities index. The aim is to evaluate the possible influence of comorbidities on postoperative thrombosis. To improve the perioperative care of acute trauma, an intuitive nomogram model is created and validated based on these factors to predict the likelihood of postoperative DVT. To successfully carry out the current study, the electronic medical records of all diagnoses and treatments for fractures of the lower extremities at The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University was undertaken from January 2017 to January 2023. The hospital's institutional review boards granted ethical approval per the 1964 Helsinki Declaration's ethical guidelines. All participants provided their consent for the study.