In vivo brain macromolecules in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Dentofacial deformities are deviations from normal maxillomandibular proportions and represent one of the most common oral health concerns [, ]. People with dentofacial deformities have higher anxiety levels and poorer quality of life than the general population [, ].Orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery is the standard approach for correcting dentofacial deformities []. The primary goal of orthognathic surgery is to correct the facial skeleton deformity to improve the facial esthetics, while studies have found postoperative improvements in anxiety and quality of life [–]. Anxiety can cause agitation, panic, physiological issues, and may hinder pre- and postoperative recovery, including orthognathic surgery patients [–]. Our previous study showed that preoperative state-trait anxiety negatively predicts postoperative quality of life in orthognathic patients []. Interestingly, we found postoperative trait anxiety decreased, contrary to mainstream findings that it remains stable despite surgical stress [–]. Positive psychological factors may help maintain emotional stability during adversity, reducing anxiety even after surgical trauma. While most orthognathic surgery studies focus on negative psychological effects, few address the protective role of positive traits or their association with trait anxiety. Investigating these factors may offer new insights for perioperative care and intervention strategies.