Imperatorin restores behavioral and recognition memory deficits induced by REM sleep deprivation in male rats.

Palliative care adopts a holistic approach, addressing somatic, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions []. While medical advances alleviate somatic suffering, patients and families in palliative care often face significant psychological distress, particularly at the end of life []. This distress arises from grief, loss of autonomy, shifting social identity, and confronting mortality. Meta-analyses report that 32–39% of cancer patients experience psychiatric disorders [–]. Research highlights that trauma, such as a cancer diagnosis, can trigger meaning-making processes through which individuals attempt to integrate and make sense of the illness experience [] These processes may lead to a range of positive psychological outcomes, including posttraumatic growth (PTG), benefit-finding, a strengthened sense of coherence, enhanced appreciation of life, and improved relational quality [, ]. PTG reflects a transformative process born from inner struggles after trauma [, ]. Engaging in PTG may be emotionally distressing and challenging, even if the result is positive []. Most quantitative studies on posttraumatic growth (PTG) have utilized the 21-item PTGI [], which assesses changes in personal strength, relationships, life possibilities, life appreciation, and spirituality. The PTGI relies on retrospective perceptions of positive change in predefined areas and may be tainted by a positivity bias linked to social desirability []. More broadly, recent literature suggests that self-reported PTG may partly reflect “illusory” growth, that is, perceived changes shaped by cognitive biases, defensive coping processes, and culturally shared expectations about the positive meaning of adversity, rather than genuine psychological transformation []. Such processes may contribute to an overestimation of PTG when relying solely on self-report measures, highlighting the importance of complementary approaches to capture the complexity of psychological change. Reviews of qualitative studies have highlighted additional domains that remain insufficiently represented in the PTGI, such as changes in the relationship to the body and physical functioning, the experience of symptoms and treatment, as well as identity reconfiguration in the face of illness []. More recent work has further emphasized dimensions of “physical posttraumatic growth”, including increased bodily awareness, redefined limits, and new relationships to health and vulnerability []. These findings underline the importance of approaches capable of capturing experiential dimensions that extend beyond predefined questionnaire categories.