Large language model empowered explainable and interpretable mental health analysis.

Climate change represents a significant global challenge affecting human health physically, psychologically, and socially [] It intensifies extreme heat and heavy precipitation events [] causing environmental damage and considerable psychological distress, particularly among adolescents and young adults []. Adolescence and early adulthood are critical developmental periods marked by ongoing brain maturation, increased academic and social demands, and the transition toward adult roles and responsibilities. These factors contribute to an elevated risk for psychological and behavioural problems compared to adults [], a vulnerability that is further intensified by climate-related stressors []. As climate change presents an ongoing threat with long-term consequences throughout their lives, adolescents and young adults face heightened concern about the future, amplifying feelings of uncertainty []. Climate-related stress refers to a climate-altered socio-environmental system in which anthropogenic climate change shapes everyday life. This includes direct exposure to climate-related hazards, like floods, debris flows and indirect impacts like on social, economic, and environmental conditions, and awareness of the climate crisis alongside perceived insufficient societal action. Together, these factors can function as potential stressors for mental health and overall well-being, especially for vulnerable or marginalised populations, like people who are suffering from a mental illness or young people []. A social-ecological framework [] conceptualises youth mental health risks as arising from interacting climate-related threats over time, including acute events, gradual environmental change, socio-economic disruption, and anticipatory awareness. Within this framework, young people are understood to live within a broader ecological system shaped by climate change, where physical, social, and symbolic dimensions co-occur and accumulate. Thus, being affected by climate change encompasses not only awareness or knowledge of the climate crisis but also direct exposure to climate-related stressors, whether fast- or slow-onset.