Early sleep after action observation and motor imagery improved manual dexterity in patients after surgery for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures.

There are millions of gynecological disease cases annually worldwide, with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), cervical polyps (CP), abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and vaginitis among the most common. These gynecological conditions significantly impact women’s health and quality of life. Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor originating in the cervix primary caused by HPV infection. CIN is a precancerous lesion strongly associated with the development of invasive cervical cancer and includes both cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. POP occurs when the fibromuscular support structures of the pelvic organs weaken or fail, leading to abnormal positioning of the bladder, uterus, rectum, and/or small intestine inside or outside the vagina. POP is a common condition in women, with a prevalence ranging from 30% to 50% among adults, and its incidence increases with age and parity. CP are benign lesions found in 2–5% of adult women and these growths are considered as a result of focal hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium in the endocervix. AUB is characterized by changes in menstruation involving increased volume, duration, or frequency of bleeding, affecting 10%–30% of women of reproductive age. Vaginitis accounts for 90% of cases caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida vaginitis (VVC), or Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). These infections are associated with adverse outcomes such as preterm labor and delivery, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and postabortal endometritis. Other diseases including other infections than HPV such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, as well as atrophic vaginitis (AV), a condition affecting 25–50% of postmenopausal women, is another common affliction. In addition to these diseases, other frequently encountered gynecologic conditions include uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, and ovarian cysts, induced abortion, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cervical lesion treatments, and abnormalities detected via thin-prep cytologic test (TCT). The vaginal microbiota (VMB) refers to the community of microorganisms present in the vaginal environment of women of reproductive age. Around 2/3 of the healthy VMB is dominated by one of the species, including , , , and others. These bacteria metabolize glycogen to produce lactic acid, which maintains the vaginal environment at an acidic pH. Research has demonstrated that the VMB plays a critical role in the female vaginal microenvironment by supporting vaginal health and serving as the defense system against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).