Examining non-reinforced lever pressing as intrinsically-motivated behavior.

The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) is a non-profit organization that includes key professional associations of medical specialists across EU countries with the purpose to enhance patient care promoting excellence in medical specialists’ practice []. While postgraduate medical training remains under national authority responsibility, the UEMS plays a coordinating and advisory role in Europe by developing European Training Requirements (ETRs), which provide reference frameworks for core competencies and harmonized training standards across European countries. The UEMS Section of Occupational Medicine (OM Section) was established in 1997 and today comprises delegates from most European nations []. It promotes the harmonisation of training, continuing medical education and shared core competencies for OM specialists []. Changes in the world of work, including technological progress, organizational variability, demographic changes, globalization, climate change, economic dynamics, requires to continuously re-shape the approach to the OM practice and to provide OM specialists with the updated knowledge, practice and skills on an on-going basis []. Therefore, in line with all other UEMS specialist Sections, which are collectively responsible for developing the cross-sectional ETR applicable to every medical specialty, the OM Section is committed to improving post-graduate training across Europe. The ETR set out the knowledge, skills, and competencies that a specialist must acquire during their training to ensure safe and autonomous clinical practice []. The last version of the UEMS document “Training Requirements for the Specialty of OM” was produced in 2013. This document should be regularly updated by UEMS Specialist Sections and European Boards to ensure alignments with scientific and medical advancements. In this perspective, a survey was performed to verify the validity of the document’s content in terms of completeness, coherence, and applicability, but also to identify areas that may require revision and implementation according to the experience of the European representatives involved in OM Specialty training. These findings may contribute to implement OM training programs in European countries and to ensure that specialists are adequately prepared to deliver high-quality care to workers in the evolving world of work.