Relationship between social media addiction, sleep quality, and occupational balance among Generation Z university students.

Information is the basis for empowerment in healthcare settings. Access to information that is relevant, accessible, and salient, can have a profound impact on decision making [–]. The medicalisation of pregnancy, popularised since the 1900s has manifested an exponential growth in information about reproduction, pregnancy and fetal development []. By and large, this information is highly accessible, particularly via the internet and social media and increasingly via artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT [–], although barriers and inequities in access to information and misinformation about pregnancy exist []. However, for those facing complications during pregnancy, accessing reliable information pertinent to a specific medical condition, can present a challenge. Evidence suggests that the most trusted source of information is that provided by a health professional, followed by information provided by friends and family, and the internet [, ]. People tend to seek out information for various reasons, including to help make decisions [, ]. One of the most common pregnancy complications occurs when fetal growth is limited in utero, affecting ~ 6000 pregnancies in Aotearoa New Zealand each year []. In clinical terms, this includes pregnancies that are either ‘small for gestational age’ (SGA, where the estimated fetal weight is < 10th growth percentile on a customised chart), or exhibit ‘fetal growth restriction’ (FGR, <3rd growth percentile, and/or significant decline of the ultrasound-estimated fetal growth trajectory in utero) []. Both SGA and FGR are significant risk factors for perinatal mortality, short term neonatal morbidity, and long-term health complications including an increased risk of impaired neurocognitive development, diabetes and cardiovascular disease [, ]. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori, Pasifika, and Indian populations exhibit higher rates of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality (including SGA, FGR, preterm birth, and stillbirth) [, ]. Although access to trustworthy, credible, and reliable information is recognised as important, information overload (both during healthcare consultations, and via other non-clinical encounters) can act as a barrier to improving health literacy [, ]. Empowering parents with access to information that reflects their concerns can play a vital role in shaping the lived experience of pregnancy, particularly when concern regarding fetal development has been communicated []. Conversations that acknowledge and discuss potential adverse pregnancy outcomes are especially challenging for both patient and their health professional. Healthcare providers often carry responsibility to provide the information, in the amount, at the time []. The message delivery is also important, with considerations of vocal tone, pauses in delivery, and setting coming into consideration.