A nurse-led palliative care programme for women receiving palliative chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Refractive surgery is widely used to correct moderate to high myopia, with femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (ICL) implantation being among the most commonly performed procedures [–]. These techniques have demonstrated excellent refractive accuracy, safety, and patient satisfaction across a broad range of myopic corrections [, ]. However, due to fundamental differences in their surgical mechanisms—corneal tissue ablation in FS-LASIK, intrastromal lenticule extraction in SMILE, and additive intraocular correction in phakic ICL implantation—each procedure may induce distinct alterations in postoperative optical quality []. Wavefront aberrometry has provided important insight into optical changes after refractive surgery beyond conventional visual acuity outcomes []. Previous studies have shown that corneal refractive procedures can induce higher-order aberrations (HOAs), including coma and spherical aberration, even when best-corrected visual acuity remains excellent [, ]. SMILE has generally been reported to induce fewer HOAs than FS-LASIK, likely due to better preservation of anterior stromal integrity [], whereas phakic ICL implantation tends to preserve corneal optics and visual quality because corneal shape is largely maintained [, ]. Notably, most prior investigations have focused predominantly on central (on-axis) optical performance. Increasing evidence suggests that peripheral optical quality may also play an important role in visual performance, influencing contrast sensitivity, night vision, and overall visual comfort [, ]. In addition, peripheral refractive characteristics and off-axis aberrations have been implicated in ocular growth regulation and may be particularly relevant in young patients with moderate to high myopia [, ]. Clinical studies have further demonstrated measurable differences in peripheral defocus and higher-order aberrations in myopic eyes, highlighting the potential importance of peripheral optics in refractive assessment []. Despite this potential clinical relevance, peripheral wavefront measurements remain technically challenging, and standard aberrometers are not optimized for eccentric fixation. Consequently, comparative data regarding peripheral optical outcomes after different refractive procedures remain limited [].