Baseline Function Predicts Gains in Both Speech Recognition and Quality of Life After Cochlear Implantation.

Preoperative anxiety is a common psychological–physiological condition [], that experienced by surgical candidates and is characterized by fear, tension, and autonomic arousal. This is a common experience in patients before surgery []. It has been reported that 30% of hospitalized patients are stressed even when they do not need surgery, and this value is 60–80% higher in patients who require surgery []. Women undergoing gynecological procedures are particularly vulnerable due to concerns related to reproductive function, femininity, and potential loss of body integrity []. This is particularly true in the field of gynecology and gynecological surgery, which often involves the partial or total removal of an organ necessarily associated with childbirth or femininity []. Multiple factors contribute to preoperative anxiety and its complications in patients undergoing surgery []. Studies have reported anxiety-causing factors such as lack of knowledge [], waiting more than 2 h for surgery [], surgical lights, warning noises, and surgical instruments []. Fear of regional anesthesia and its associated complications, as an unknown procedure to patients, is one of the most important sources of surgery-related anxiety []. In this regard, despite the fact that anesthesia and surgical techniques have significantly improved and reached a safer state, patient anxiety before surgery is still a dominant problem [], all necessary measures should be considered to manage patient anxiety []. Anxiety reduction is a goal that should be part of each patient’s treatment plan. The healthcare providers must be prepared to respond to the challenges of anesthesia and surgery []. that is considered part of preoperative nursing care []. Procedures performed by nurses and other medical staff should be based on responding to the needs, problems, and concerns of patients [, ].