In-scanner thoughts contribute to resting-state functional connectivity.

Cover illustrations: (0) bacterial transformation and archaeal mating; (1) syngamy and meiosis; (2) anisogametes in green alga, fern, and mammal; (3) gamete production in sea anemone and fern gametophyte; (4) sex-differentiated antennae in moths, perfect and pistillate flowers in geraniums, and anglerfish female with small attached male; (5) treefrog amplexus, springtail transport of moss gametes, and coral broadcast spawning; and (6) orchid pollination by wasp pseudocopulation, female-on-male mounting in woodpeckers, and same-sex mating in dolphins (see for framework). A framework for multiple sex concepts. Evolutionary relationships among biological phenomena sometimes called are indicated by arrows. Within cellular genetic processes, a converging arrow indicates multiple contributions of sex0 to the single origin of sex1. Multiple diverging arrows indicate multiple origins of sex2–6, with compounding layers of diversification within sexes (differentiated gametic and organismal states: sex2–4) and the actions and interactions of gamete producers (sex5 and 6). Biologically, the diversity and complexity of sex is amazing, and our understanding of it is growing rapidly. This dynamic richness is often absent from public discourse and undergraduate education, where oversimplified sexual biology is socially weaponized against gender and sexual minorities () and alienating to students (; ). Overgeneralizations about sex persist, despite calls for more accurate representation of its diversity (; ) and broad efforts to compile and integrate information about sex (; ).