Refractive Error Coverage and Related Sociodemographic Factors: A Study of 1.1 Million Students in Schools of Hubei Province, China.

In 2020, more than 1.93 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) were reported globally, accounting for 9.4% of all new cancers. The incidence of CRC is closely related to regional economic conditions. By 2044, the incidence and death toll of colorectal cancer in China are expected to reach 1.31 million and 484,000, respectively. The incidence of CRC in Hunan province is also not optimistic, with 23.91 per 100,000 new cases per year. The current incidence and mortality rate of CRC are ranked fifth and third, respectively, in Hunan Province, and show an obvious upward trend. The risk factors of CRC have long been the focus of researchers. Apart from concern with heredity as a risk factor of CRC, environmental factors such as dietary habits, obesity, sleep pattern, physical activity, and lifestyle have been studied. In addition, multiple studies have shown significant regional differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer. The results of Wang et al study on the risk factors of CRC in residents of Inner Mongolia located in northwest China, where people consume more meat than people in southern China. The study showed that the risk factors of CRC were an age range of 45 to 59 years, age ≥60 years old, outdoor work (mine, coal cave), a family history of CRC, and alcohol consumption (AC); being married and not smoking were also shown as protective factors for CRC. Li et al conducted a study on patients with colorectal cancer in Wuhan, China, and found that the risk of colorectal cancer increased among those who were divorced or widowed and those with a junior high school education or below. Obesity, smoking, AC, fatty diet, spicy diet, bacon and salted fish are also risk factors for colorectal cancer, and are in direct proportion to the amount of daily smoking and drinking time. Fruit and regular exercise are protective factors. There was also evidence of a carcinogenic effect of carbonated soft drinks on the gastrointestinal tract. Grain and fiber diets are protective factors for CRC. They are rich in fiber and low in calories, and contain phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Hunan province is located in the south of China, where residents’ eating and drinking habits and lifestyles are markedly different from other regions. It is necessary to study the influencing factors of CRC incidence in this region to guide residents’ health literacy. This hospital-based case-control study systematically enrolled patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer from July 30, 2020, to October 27, 2021. For each patient, a corresponding control was selected in a 1:1 family members’ data matching design, ensuring alignment based on gender and age (±2 years). Additionally, efforts were made to ensure that matches were closely aligned with respect to educational level, place of residence, and occupation. The samples were collected from various regions across Hunan Province, China. The selection of family members as the control group (CTG) was aimed at investigating the influencing factors of colorectal cancer while minimizing the impact of environmental variables.