Mapping the research landscape of virtual reality and artificial intelligence in medical education evaluation: A bibliometric analysis.

The increased life expectancy and dramatically improved cataract surgery techniques have led to an increase in number of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Modern phacoemulsification with monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) provides highly predictable postoperative visual and refractive outcomes, yet early postoperative refraction is not immediately stable. Postoperative refraction is a primary driver of patient satisfaction and is largely determined by the orientation of the IOL within the capsular bag. This alignment is significantly affected by various factors, including the dimensions of the capsular bag, the specific IOL design, the surgical rhexis size and shape, and the mechanical interaction between the lens and the capsule after implantation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the largest refractive shift typically occurs between postoperative day 1 and week 1, followed by a smaller and slower change up to 1 month, after which refractive stability is usually achieved. Determining the refractive stabilization period for newly introduced intraocular lenses is of great clinical importance. This timing is a key factor that directly influences spectacle prescription, second-eye surgery planning, and overall refractive predictability. While traditional protocols suggest waiting 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, recent evidence indicates that functional stability can be achieved as early as 1 week in uncomplicated monofocal cases. The newly released monofocal CT LUCIA 621P (621P; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) IOL has been reported in several studies to provide superior intermediate visual acuity (VA) compared with conventional monofocal IOLs.