The efficacy of whole-course nursing on malignant bone and soft tumors of lower limbs: A randomized study.

Reserve refers to the ability of the brain to maintain function despite disease or injury and is known to be an important influence on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Of the reserve concepts, cognitive reserve is the most established, defined as differences in the adaptability of cognitive processes in response to brain pathology []. It is typically estimated using proxies, like education or occupation. Cognitive reserve has proven useful in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and is also gaining relevance in TBI [, , , , , , ]. Other forms of reserve thought to influence brain recovery are brain reserve and psychological resilience, the latter also referred to as emotional reserve [, , , ]. Brain reserve is commonly estimated through structural brain measures like overall volume or cortical thickness []. Since aging is associated with brain atrophy, age is sometimes used as a coarse and clinically feasible proxy for brain reserve. However, it is an imprecise measure that neither captures underlying structural capacity nor reflects the non‐linear nature of brain atrophy across the lifespan [, , ]. Emotional reserve refers to the ability to maintain mental health under stress and is commonly assessed through self‐report questionnaires [, ]. Emotional reserve is closely related to psychiatric well‐being and a history of psychiatric illness has also been associated with post‐concussion symptoms and poorer functional outcome following mild TBI (mTBI) [, ].