Quality assessment of ADHD-related short videos on Chinese social media: A cross-sectional study.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases globally, affecting an estimated 300 million people with rising prevalence in many regions. Despite being preventable and treatable, asthma continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Approximately 1000 people die from asthma every day worldwide, many of them young, and most of these deaths could be avoided. The economic burden is also substantial, including direct medical costs (hospitalizations, medications) and indirect costs from lost productivity. Asthma’s impact is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries where underdiagnosis and undertreatment are prevalent, contributing to excess emergency visits and deaths. Standard therapy for persistent asthma has long centered on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to suppress airway inflammation, often combined with inhaled long-acting β-agonists (LABA) for bronchodilation. Additional controllers, such as leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and theophylline, are used in select cases. These treatments have improved symptom control and reduced exacerbations for many patients. However, limitations remain. A significant subset of patients with asthma has uncontrolled disease despite high-dose ICS/LABA, or experiences frequent exacerbations upon tapering oral corticosteroids. The side effects of chronic corticosteroid use (e.g., adrenal suppression, osteoporosis) pose clinical challenges, and medication adherence is often suboptimal. Moreover, conventional therapies largely target T2-high (type 2 inflammation) eosinophilic asthma; patients with non-T2 inflammation (e.g., neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic asthma) often respond poorly to ICS, reflecting an unmet need for alternative strategies. Difficult-to-treat populations include obese asthmatics, smokers, and those with predominant small airway disease, phenotypes in which inflammation and remodeling may not be driven by classical allergic Th2 pathways. Asthma management paradigms have evolved significantly in recent years. A major shift has been the move away from sole reliance on short-acting β-agonists (SABA) as quick-relief therapy. It is now recognized that regular or overuse of SABAs without anti-inflammatory treatment can paradoxically worsen control and increase the risk of exacerbations. Current international guidelines recommend the early introduction of ICS even in mild asthma, often via an “anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR)” approach using a combination of low-dose ICS-formoterol as needed instead of SABA alone. The ICS-formoterol single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) strategy has shown superior prevention of exacerbations compared to traditional regimens, heralding a new era of proactive anti-inflammatory treatment for even mild asthma.