Association Between Postoperative Pain and Inflammatory Biomarkers After Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs: A Pilot Study.

Workplace violence constitutes a substantial global occupational health issue for healthcare workers and has important implications for workforce safety and healthcare quality []. Exposure to workplace violence is associated with adverse psychological outcomes, including anxiety, depression, fear, sleep disturbance, and emotional distress [–]. Workplace violence is also linked to reduced job satisfaction, burnout, turnover intention, and impaired quality of care [, ]. Nurses are particularly vulnerable to workplace violence because they maintain frequent direct contact with patients and families and often work in high‐pressure clinical environments [, ]. Surgical nurses may face additional risks because they care for patients with postoperative pain, complex clinical needs, medication‐related behavioral changes, and high levels of family anxiety [, ]. Existing strategies for preventing workplace violence in healthcare settings commonly include zero‐tolerance policies, staff education, environmental safety measures, reporting systems, risk assessment, and organizational protective strategies [, ]. However, workplace violence remains difficult to prevent because it is shaped by multiple interacting factors, including patient expectations, communication difficulties, waiting time, staffing levels, resources, and organizational climate []. Therefore, in addition to organizational and policy‐level prevention strategies, empowering nurses to maintain caring‐oriented communication and cope with demanding clinical interactions may be an important complementary approach to reducing WPV risk. Research indicates that the demonstration of humanistic caring towards both patients and colleagues significantly decreases the likelihood of nurses encountering violence from these groups []. Caring‐oriented nursing practice and effective nurse–patient communication are important relational components of care that may improve patient trust, satisfaction, and mutual understanding [–]. However, from a resource‐based perspective, nurses’ perceived caring from themselves and their social and organizational environment is a psychosocial resource that supports compassionate care and helps nurses cope with demanding clinical situations [, ], such resources also need to be replenished constantly. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate surgical nurses’ perception of holistic humanistic caring and their experience of workplace violence and to examine the relationship between these two variables. Workplace violence constitutes a major occupational hazard on a global scale []. The International Labor Organization’s Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190), defines violence and harassment in the world of work as any act, action, or threat of harm within the work environment that results in physical, psychological, sexual, or economic harm, including gender‐based violence []. WPV inflicts significant harm on victims, with physical trauma being an evident adverse outcome. Furthermore, research suggests that WPV also causes profound psychological trauma, leading victims to experience feelings of isolation, vulnerability, insecurity, and job dissatisfaction [, ]. Victims often exhibit symptoms of anxiety, fear, and sleep disorders following such incidents []. Among healthcare professionals, nurses are particularly susceptible to WPV [, , ]. This heightened risk is attributed to their frequent direct contact with patients, coupled with factors such as insufficient safety training and the solitary nature of night shifts, which exacerbate their vulnerability to WPV []. Surgical nurses, in particular, face an elevated risk due to their responsibility for patients with specific needs, such as postoperative caring or those under the influence of medications like opioids [, ]. Empirical evidence from Sweden reveals that surgical nurses experience verbal violence at a rate of 28.8% and physical violence at 24.2% []. Similarly, a study conducted in Turkey reported WPV rates as high as 76% among surgical nurses [].