Designing a Trauma-Informed Safety by Design Framework for Nonconsensual Intimate Image Removal Platforms: A 2-Phase Sequential Exploratory Study.

Suicide is a tragic and preventable loss of life and a leading cause of death globally, with profound effects on individuals, families, and communities [,]. Every day 17 people in the UK die by suicide []. Although, this figure likely underestimates the true impact of suicide in our society as it neglects to consider the number of suicidal attempts which did not result in death. According to the 2025 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey rates of reported attempted suicides are increasing []. In 2000, 0.5% of those aged 16–74 surveyed in England reported having attempted suicide in comparison to 1% in 2023/24. These figures suggest that the true impact of suicide in the UK may extend beyond our current predictions. The term suicide specifically refers to self-inflicted, intentional, and fatal deaths []. Yet, it can be helpful to conceive of suicide as a continuum including attempts, ideation, and behaviours []. Understanding how and why people progress along this continuum and intervening accordingly is considered vital for suicide prevention efforts []. Equally, while completed suicide rates in the UK are highest amongst males, those aged 50–54 years of age, and people living in the most deprived areas, it is important to remember any demographic can be at risk of suicide and this risk can change rapidly []. Suicide prevention has been an ongoing focus for the UK government over the past decade. In 2016, the NHS Five Year Forward View for Mental Health committed to reducing suicide rates in England by 10% []. However, by the time the plan ended there had been no statistically significant difference in suicide rates, and in fact, rates have risen since []. This fact highlights the importance of ensuring that the suicide prevention strategies we employ are effective. More recently, in 2019, the government allocated £57 million to suicide prevention. Also, in 2023, the government’s 5-year cross sector strategy for suicide prevention in England was published and discussed specific strategies, including restricting the methods used for suicide (also known as ‘means restriction’) and staff training [].