Transient Expression of Bta78 Gene in Nicotiana benthamiana Enhances Whitefly Feeding Activity.

We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2000 and September 2025 using terms including [“transgender,” OR “gender dysphoria,”] AND “mortality.” Articles were restricted to English-language and peer-reviewed studies. Previous research has consistently shown elevated mortality risk, overall and specifically due to suicide and external causes, among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people (i.e., those whose experienced gender is discordant from their sex assigned at birth) compared to cisgender populations, or people who do not experience a discordance between their gender and sex assigned at birth. In Sweden, prior research examined mortality only among people who had legally changed their gender between 1973 and 2003, limiting generalizability. Studies from the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Denmark have reported elevated mortality risks but varied in their inclusion criteria, adjustment for confounders, and outcome definitions. Few studies have examined cause-specific mortality across a broad TGD population using national registry data, and even fewer report both absolute and relative measures of mortality inequality. This study provides the most current and comprehensive registry-based national estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among TGD people in Sweden who have had contact with the gender-affirming healthcare system. It includes over 9000 TGD adults matched to cisgender controls of both sexes, allowing for robust comparisons. We show both relative and absolute measures of mortality risk, including age-standardized mortality rates, mortality risk ratios, and years of life lost. Stratified analyses highlight distinct mortality patterns for transfeminine (assigned male sex at birth) and transmasculine people (assigned female sex at birth). Notably, we found elevated mortality risk from external causes, ill-defined diseases, and neuropsychiatric conditions among transfeminine people and infectious/parasitic and respiratory diseases among transmasculine people, while some causes varied by reference group. These findings expand upon disparities identified in Swedish and international studies, suggesting systemic gaps in healthcare access and potential biases in death certification practices.