Perceived stress mediates the relationship between professional role and trait anxiety in coaches and referees.

Overweight and obesity are chronic and multifactorial diseases with an increasing global prevalence in all age groups, including the elderly [,]. In many countries, the lifetime risk of experiencing overweight or obesity exceeds 50%, affecting a significant proportion of the population by the age of 65–70 years []. Overweight and obesity are also preventable drivers of non-communicable diseases and complications, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and mental health conditions, which can reduce quality of life and elevate mortality risk [, , , ]. Additionally, obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) [], the leading cause of mortality globally and within the US [,]. These complications are especially problematic for older adults who may be living with multiple chronic conditions [,]. Currently, clinical guidelines recommend the use of obesity management medications to support weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity [, , ]. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)–based medications, commonly provided as injectables, have demonstrated substantial weight reduction and glycemic control in people with obesity and T2D [, , ]. Incretin-based therapies have also demonstrated improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly physical functioning [,], and obesity-related complications, including reductions in rates of cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, osteoarthritic, and sleep disorders [,]. Additionally, GLP-1 RA treatment has been associated with a reduction in CVD risk in adults with obesity []. However, data on incretin-based therapies mostly represent efficacy in adults without a specific focus on age groups, and limited data are available on the use of incretin-based medications in older adults [, , , ] who may be more likely to have multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy, increasing the risk of medication-related problems [,]. Additionally, injectable incretin-based therapies have limitations, including the need for cold storage and potential for needle-related discomfort and fear, which could negatively impact adherence and long-term persistence on treatment. Semaglutide was the first oral peptide GLP-1 RA–based medication approved to treat adults with obesity or overweight with ≥1 weight-related comorbidity [,]. Requirements for daily ingestion on an empty stomach with ≤4 ounces of water and a ≥30-min wait before eating or drinking may limit use [], particularly for those older adults who have a high prevalence of multi-drug therapy [] and may be taking medications that require food consumption. Considering these requirements, and the growing population of older adults with obesity and/or T2D, therapies that are convenient for patients are warranted. Orforglipron is a once-daily, orally administered, small-molecule GLP-1 RA; without food or water restrictions; approved or under regulatory review across many geographies for weight management; and in clinical development for management of T2D [,]. The Phase 3, multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled ATTAIN-1 and ATTAIN-2 clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily orforglipron 6 mg, 12 mg, and 36 mg vs. placebo as an adjunct to healthy diet and physical activity among adults with overweight or obesity, with (ATTAIN-2) or without (ATTAIN-1) T2D [,]. In both studies, treatment with orforglipron resulted in significant weight reduction compared with placebo. In ATTAIN-1, additional improvements from baseline in the orforglipron treatment groups were observed in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and non–high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol []. Among participants with T2D in ATTAIN-2, clinically meaningful improvements were also observed in cardiometabolic risk factors, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) []. The investigational capsule formulations of orforglipron (6 mg, 12 mg, and 36 mg) used in these trials are bioequivalent to the tablet doses (5.5 mg, 9 mg, and 17.2 mg) [], which are approved in the United States []; accordingly, data are reported using tablet-equivalent doses. As such, comparable efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles are expected across both formulations []. Here, we present the results of a post hoc subgroup analysis evaluating orforglipron vs. placebo for the treatment of older adults (≥65 years of age) from the ATTAIN-1 and ATTAIN-2 studies.