Techno-overload and employee outcomes: relationships with job insecurity, turnover intention, and occupation insecurity among Lithuanian employees.

Depressive disorders affect approximately 332 million people globally and represent a leading cause of years lived with disability (). All major types of structured psychotherapies are efficacious in treating depression (), yet fewer than half of those experiencing depression seek professional care. In low- and middle-income countries, the treatment gap can exceed 80% (). Even in well-resourced health systems, systemic and psychological barriers delay or prevent help-seeking (). Among these barriers, help-seeking attitudes offer a tractable target for intervention. The construct is multidimensional, comprising recognition of the need for psychological help, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, and confidence in mental health professionals (, ). Within this broader structure, confidence in mental health professionals stands out as a core component. Fischer and Turner () originally identified this confidence as a distinct attitudinal factor that directly underlies help-seeking behavior. More recently, Aldhamri () found that a lack of confidence in mental health professionals was the most prominent barrier to seeking psychological help among university students and significantly predicted intentions to use telemental health services. Similarly, Mackenzie et al. () demonstrated that help-seeking propensity (a construct reflecting belief in the utility of professional help) was the strongest attitudinal predictor of intentions to consult a professional. A meta-analysis by Kumpasoğlu et al. () documented a robust association between perceived therapist credibility and treatment outcomes ( = 0.35). Without a basic belief in a therapist’s competence and trustworthiness, other positive shifts in help-seeking attitudes may fail to translate into actual service use. Although the centrality of confidence in mental health professionals is well established, its measurement has been a subject of ongoing methodological discussion. Fischer and Turner’s () original 9-item Confidence subscale and the widely used shortened version () have demonstrated robust psychometric properties across diverse populations. However, in intervention research with a brief outcome assessment window, researchers often face a trade-off between scale length and participant burden, particularly when attitudes are captured immediately after stimulus exposure. In experimental research where attitude measurement occurs immediately after brief stimulus exposure, the use of single-item global measures is a pragmatic choice that has been discussed in the methodological literature (). However, such measures are generally acknowledged to capture only the global evaluative component of the construct, leaving aside its more nuanced facets such as perceived competence, trustworthiness, and openness to professional influence. This limitation is especially relevant when working with LLM-generated materials, which may differentially affect these facets. The present study therefore adopts a single-item confidence measure as a pragmatic first step in an experimental framework, while acknowledging that future work will need to incorporate validated multi-item scales to disaggregate the specific dimensions of confidence that are most amenable to LLM-based persuasion. Confidence in mental health professionals therefore represents a key leverage point in public health interventions designed to promote professional help-seeking. Psychoeducation can improve help-seeking attitudes when messages are accurate, engaging, and framed effectively (, ). Traditional delivery methods, such as printed brochures or static websites, face distinct limitations. Updating content is slow, personalization is minimal, and production costs accumulate. These constraints have prompted interest in computational approaches to generating health communication materials. This is not to suggest that traditional methods are obsolete; printed materials and static websites remain valuable for populations with limited digital literacy or internet access, and they avoid the risks of algorithmic bias and hallucination associated with LLM-generated content. Nonetheless, the scalability and adaptability of LLMs offer a complementary pathway that, if carefully harnessed, could extend the reach of evidence-based psychoeducation.