Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults in England, 2000-2025: Recorded Prevalence and Diagnostic Trends in a Population-Based Observational Study Using Routinely Collected Pri

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders globally, affecting approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Nearly 80% of those with epilepsy reside in developing countries, where access to medical care and educational resources regarding the condition is often limited []. This condition is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to acute physical manifestations such as impaired consciousness, involuntary motor activity, and urinary incontinence []. Moreover, widespread misconceptions regarding the causes, treatment, and nature of epilepsy contribute to pervasive stigma, which often negatively affects the quality of life of people with epilepsy (PWE) []. Cultural and religious beliefs further shape these perceptions, with epilepsy in some settings being viewed as a mental illness or in extreme cases, a form of divine punishment []. These misconceptions and stigmatizing attitudes remain prevalent across diverse populations, as documented in numerous studies demonstrating that epilepsy‐related stigma is consistently associated with social exclusion and discrimination in areas like employment, education, and marriage. These factors ultimately contribute to poorer outcomes for PWE, often making the psychosocial impact of the condition exceed the burden of its clinical manifestations [, , , , ]. Furthermore, the limited understanding of this condition can lead to inappropriate and potentially harmful interventions during seizure episodes, as seen in studies from various countries [, ]. Unfortunately, gaps in knowledge are not limited to laypersons but extend to healthcare professionals and students in training, underscoring the importance of educational interventions not only for the general population but across the aforementioned groups to improve understanding and reduce stigmatization []. In Syria, epilepsy remains a largely under‐researched area, particularly concerning public awareness and attitudes toward the condition. University students, as future leaders and potential healthcare providers, represent a crucial demographic for understanding and shaping public perceptions of epilepsy. However, little is known about their level of knowledge regarding the condition, their attitudes toward people with epilepsy, and their ability to administer appropriate first aid during seizures. Given the broader regional trends of stigma and misunderstanding observed in neighboring countries, it is likely that similar challenges exist in Syria [, ]. Notably, epilepsy and its first aid are generally not included in the curricula of Syrian schools or university programs, except within medical faculties. This lack of formal education on the topic in non‐medical fields limits awareness and understanding among the broader student population. Moreover, the lack of awareness programs about epilepsy in Syria perpetuates misconceptions and stigma, hindering efforts to improve public knowledge and reduce discrimination.