Analysis of the clinical features of chest pain in adolescents and children in the Shihezi area of Xinjiang.

Oral diseases constitute one of the most significant global health burdens, affecting more than 3.6 billion individuals worldwide, with edentulism alone accounting for over 18 million cases (). Dental implant rehabilitation, which provides patients with missing teeth or edentulism with restorations that closely resemble natural dentition in appearance and offer substantial masticatory function, has therefore gained widespread acceptance as a predictable and reliable therapeutic option (). Over recent decades, the use of dental implants has increased markedly, largely attributable to their high success rates and favorable health-related outcomes (, ). Beyond restoring masticatory efficiency and supporting adequate nutritional intake, implant therapy may confer additional systemic benefits, including a potential reduction in cognitive decline and cardiovascular disease risk (, ). Moreover, the high esthetic similarity between implants and natural teeth has been shown to enhance patients' perceived appearance and psychological well-being, thereby improving social confidence and overall life satisfaction (). Despite these well-documented advantages, implant-based rehabilitation is accompanied by distinct perioperative challenges that warrant further attention. As an inherently invasive therapeutic procedure, dental implant surgery is frequently accompanied by varying degrees of preoperative tension, anxiety, and perioperative pain experiences. Dental anxiety is one of the most common anxiety-related conditions in dental practice, and is characterized by an irrational and disproportionate negative emotion of dental procedures, typically accompanied by pronounced physiological and emotional arousal (). Previous studies have reported that the prevalence of dental anxiety among patients with oral diseases ranges from 62.0% to 79.2% (), with manifestations spanning from mild discomfort to severe phobic reactions, exerting both psychological and physiological consequences on affected individuals (). Psychological vulnerability and negative emotional states play a critical role in shaping pain perception and subjective pain intensity. Evidence suggests that patients with higher levels of anxiety tend to report greater pain intensity during dental treatment compared with those experiencing lower anxiety levels, which may subsequently compromise treatment adherence or lead to treatment avoidance (, ). Such avoidance behaviors can result in delayed intervention, missed optimal treatment windows, and further deterioration of oral health conditions (). Previous research has commonly conceptualized anxiety along two dimensions: trait anxiety, which reflects a relatively stable psychological predisposition, and state anxiety, which represents a transient psychological response elicited by specific situational contexts (). Within dental care settings, anxiety has been widely recognized as a key psychological factor influencing patients' pain experiences (). Existing evidence suggests that, among patients with dentition defects undergoing implant treatment, higher levels of preoperative trait anxiety are significantly associated with greater postoperative pain perception (). A longitudinal study has further indicated that (), although postoperative pain following implant surgery generally demonstrates a gradual decline over time, the magnitude of preoperative anxiety may shape differential pain perceptions across distinct postoperative time points. Concurrently, a recent study has demonstrated that dental anxiety can exert a sustained influence on pain perception throughout the entire course of dental treatment, thereby exacerbating patients' adverse treatment experiences ().