Epilepsy Knowledge, Attitudes, and First-Aid Practices Among Syrian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Climate change is considered one of the greatest global health threats of the 21st century, with the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events continuing to increase (). These extreme weather events can seriously affect multiple human organs and systems. For example, heatwave is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, while cold spell may elevate mortality risk among individuals with cognitive impairment (, ). In response to the growing challenge posed by climate change, scholars worldwide have called for effective actions (, ). Previous studies have shown that knowledge is an important factor influencing climate-related behaviors and support for climate policies (, ). Consequently, integrating climate change–related content into educational system has been increasingly recognized as a key strategy for improving public awareness and adaptive capacity (, ). A recent survey published by The Lancet reported that, during 2023–2024, 62 of 81 countries had implemented education on climate change and health (). This suggests that many countries have begun incorporating climate change and health education into school curricula as part of broader climate-related governance efforts. Healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, public health practitioners, and health officials, play a critical role in reducing the health risk of climate change (, ). In addition to identifying and managing extreme weather-related health conditions, they can also promote public health education and sustainable practices because they are generally trusted by the public (, ). As future members of the healthcare workforce, healthcare students’ awareness of and capacity to respond to the health risk associated with extreme weather events will directly influence future clinical and public health practice (, ). Therefore, assessing healthcare students’ knowledge of extreme weather–related health risk and their educational needs is essential for identifying gaps in medical education and strengthening the preparedness of future healthcare professionals ().