Association Between Nutritional Risk and Physical Function Improvements in Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Frailty in a Community-Based Care Ward.

Depression causes significant suffering for those affected and represents a major public health issue. On the one hand, it is a common reason for consultation in both primary care and specialised mental health services. On the other, it entails a high social and economic cost [], ]. According to data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 280 million people suffer from depression []. In 2021, depression ranked as the second leading global cause of Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) (56.3 million) and was the third fastest-growing cause of YLDs since 2010 (16.4 %), alongside diabetes (25.9 %) and anxiety disorders (16.7 %) []. Furthermore, in 2019, depressive disorders became the leading cause of disease burden among mental disorders, accounting for 37.3 % of all Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), ahead of anxiety disorders (22.9 %) and schizophrenia (12.2 %) []. It is also important to note the sociodemographic disparities observed in the epidemiology of depression, which affect women and individuals with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions to a greater extent [], ]. Based on GBD data, Ge et al. [] analysed trends in the incidence and disease burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) across 204 countries and territories between 1993 and 2017, and highlighted that Spain had the highest increase in both indicators, with an approximate rise of 30 %. This finding is consistent with a broader increase in demand for psychiatric care in Spain, as reflected in the number of referrals to psychiatry, which rose from 267,311 in 2013 to 729,019 in 2024 []. Likewise, the marked rise in the consumption of anxiolytics (175 %) and antidepressants (274 %) in recent decades is also noteworthy [], [], [], [], [], with levels exceeding the average for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [], ].