Tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus bacteraemia in a 48-year old female: a case report.

() is a major pathogen contributing to global infection-related morbidity and mortality, causing millions of severe invasive infections annually., It can lead to pneumonia, surgical site infections, prosthetic joint infections, endocarditis, and hospital-acquired bacteremia, with a predilection for immunocompromised individuals, including patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy or with indwelling venous catheters. Its pathogenicity primarily relies on virulence factors, such as toxins, immune modulators, exoenzymes, that mediate adhesion, colonization, nutrient acquisition, and host immune evasion. Toxins are the key protective factors against host clearance. Additionally, can form biofilms, thereby causing persistent in vivo colonization, exacerbating the risk of fatal infections. Although methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections are well-documented to cause higher mortality, morbidity, and longer hospital stays, a meta-analysis included a total of 41 studies (64 meta-analyses) were selected by the inclusion criteria. The summary meta-analysis revealed global prevalence rates for [24.8%, 95% CI 0.248 (0.204–0.293), I2 = 93%], methicillin-resistant (MRSA) [5.8%, 95% CI 0.058 (0.044–0.073), I2 = 92%], methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) can also cause disseminated multi-organ infections owing to its virulence and pathogenicity. Emerging evidences have identified certain MSSA lineages (like, sequence type ST398) with high virulence characteristics that can lead to fatal infections,, suggesting the need to reassess the clinical threat posed by MSSA, particularly in immunocompromised hosts.