AI-Enabled Misconduct During Interviews and Its Possible Impact on Future Physicians' Critical Thinking.

Cellular senescence was initially hypothesized to be caused by the limited proliferative capacity of cells and the arrest of the cell cycle. The arrest of the cell cycle is irreversible and triggers various phenotypic changes, such as the production of an active secretory group, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) (). A study had listed 14 hallmarks of aging (), and among them, cellular senescence was the foundation during the aging biological process. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor leading to cellular aging () and the metabolic patterns of abnormal mitochondria differ notably from those of normal mitochondria (). Following with the global trend of population aging, the larger aging population has resulted in notable issues and become a burden to the society. Therefore, delaying aging and preventing aging related diseases has been a topic of long-term research among humans. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of use in treating diseases and improving health among the elderly. The TCM system focuses on the human body as a whole and the connections between its various organ systems (). TCM and therapies (such as acupuncture) are characterized by their wide range of therapeutic effects and demonstrate unique advantages in treating complex diseases (). For instance, resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol initially isolated from , has been confirmed to potentially delay aging and improve cell senescence (). Saffron, another well-known herbal medicine of TCM, is derived from the dried stigmas of (). Saffron also has a history of use as a ‘food medicine’ and dietary supplement to improve life span (). For example, in addition to regulating menstrual cycles and tranquilizing the mind, saffron also serves as a functional ingredient in gastronomy and herbal tea. Crocin I (the structure displayed in ), a notable active component of saffron (), has shown to have good therapeutic effects on various central nervous system diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, epilepsy, convulsions and insomnia, as well as various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (). A previous study also showed that Crocin-enriched tomato extracts exert pleiotropic physiological effects in , modulating development, lifespan, locomotor activity, transcriptomic profiles and mitochondrial function. Notably, Crocin prevented the mitochondrial decay caused by HO which showed the protective senescence effect against oxidative stress of Crocin in a human glioblastoma cell line (12O150) (). In addition, Crocin protected SHSY5Y cells against D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging probably through the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation (). Our previous study demonstrated that saffron showed protective effect against D-gal-induced aging in a rat model (). However, the direct evidence of Crocin regarding its efficacy on cellular senescence and underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the specific mechanisms on delaying cellular senescence induced by Crocin I. A well-accepted cellular senescence model, human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast (WI-38), was used to investigate the effect of Crocin I on both of the replicative senescence and premature senescence. The premature senescence model was induced by 2,2'-azobis-2-methy-propanimidamide dihydrochloride (AAPH). In addition, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms regarding its effect on modulating cellular senescence.