Opioid use disorder medication treatment in residential settings increased 2017-2021, but sustaining it following stays remains an issue.

Alcohol and drug dependence is associated with profound health, social, and economic costs [, ]. In addition to high levels of morbidity and mortality, many individuals face long-term labour market exclusion, with unemployment and economic inactivity contributing to poverty, social marginalisation, and reduced prospects for sustained recovery [, ]. Employment, by contrast, plays a pivotal role in improving mental health, promoting social integration, and supporting long-term abstinence [, ]. Employment and recovery are mutually reinforcing []. Employment at treatment entry is associated with higher rates of successful treatment completion, and completing treatment is associated with improved chances of securing employment [, ]. Yet despite the recognised importance of employment, few labour market programmes have been consistently effective for people with alcohol or drug dependence [, ]. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based model of supported employment developed in the United States for people with severe mental illness [, ]. IPS is characterised by intensive and individualised support, rapid job search and placement, integration with health and social care teams, and in-work support for employees and employers [, ]. The model has since been widely adopted and adapted across diverse populations, with a consistently positive evidence base [].