Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Substance Use and Health Risk Intervention (SUHRI) for Youth on Probation.

Ayurveda is one of the oldest organized systems of medicine and remains relevant to current discussions on preventive, personalized, and integrative healthcare []. Originating in the Indian subcontinent, it views health through an interconnected framework involving the body, mind, behavior, environment, and broader well-being []. Its clinical orientation emphasizes health maintenance, risk reduction, restoration of physiological balance, and individualized care based on Prakriti, or a person’s constitutional profile. In contrast, conventional disease-centered care generally begins after clinical symptoms or pathology are identified and focuses on diagnosis, treatment, and disease control []. Core concepts such as Tridosha, Prakriti, Agni, Ama, Dhatu, and Srotas provide a systems-based framework for interpreting health and disease as dynamic processes rather than isolated biological events []. For readers unfamiliar with Ayurveda, these concepts should be understood as traditional clinical-reasoning categories rather than direct anatomical, biochemical, or diagnostic equivalents unless supported by empirical validation. Complementary and integrative medicine has gained increasing global attention, encouraging further evaluation of Ayurveda within contemporary healthcare []. Integrative healthcare combines conventional biomedical practice with evidence-informed traditional, lifestyle, and mind-body interventions in a safe, ethical, and patient-centred manner []. Ayurvedic practice contributes to this model through dietary regulation, daily and seasonal routines, herbal formulations, Panchakarma, Rasayana, yoga, meditation, and behavioral modification []. These approaches may be relevant to chronic non-communicable disease care because they address modifiable determinants such as diet, physical inactivity, sleep disruption, stress, and long-term adherence. The translational value of Ayurveda requires disease-specific evaluation using measurable clinical outcomes, standardized interventions, and safety monitoring during concurrent use with conventional care []. Chronic diseases remain a major challenge for healthcare systems due to long-term medication use, high treatment costs, impaired quality of life, and limited preventive engagement []. Ayurveda addresses these concerns through lifestyle correction, patient participation, individualized care, and health maintenance []. Prakriti has been investigated as a possible model for personalized medicine because constitutional patterns may influence disease susceptibility, treatment response, and preventive strategies []. Similarly, Agni and Ama may be conceptually related to digestion, metabolism, inflammatory burden, and systemic imbalance; these traditional constructs should be studied scientifically without treating them as substitutes for microbiome, inflammatory, metabolic, or other biomedical markers []. Emerging Ayurgenomics extends this translational approach by examining whether Prakriti-based body types can be mapped to genomic profiles, molecular biomarkers, metabolic phenotypes, inflammatory signatures, microbiome patterns, and treatment-response variability [,].