Near-Field Radio-Frequency for Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition.

In contemporary visually oriented societies, appearance anxiety has increasingly been recognized as an important public mental health concern. In the present review, appearance anxiety is conceptualized as a dimensional psychological construct characterized by persistent concern, heightened self-monitoring, and anxiety-related emotional responses regarding one’s physical appearance. Rather than representing a formal psychiatric diagnosis, appearance anxiety exists along a continuum of severity and may range from normative appearance-related concerns to clinically relevant distress (, ). Although appearance anxiety overlaps with several related constructs, these concepts are not interchangeable. Social Appearance Anxiety (SAA) primarily refers to fear of negative evaluation of one’s appearance in social situations, whereas appearance anxiety encompasses broader cognitive and emotional processes, including self-surveillance and appearance-related rumination that may occur even outside immediate social contexts. Similarly, appearance anxiety should be distinguished from body dissatisfaction, body image disturbance, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), eating-related psychopathology, and Social Anxiety Disorder, although substantial overlap may exist among these constructs (). Although adolescents and young adults are frequently discussed together in the appearance anxiety literature, important developmental differences should be acknowledged. During adolescence, appearance concerns are often closely linked to pubertal changes, identity formation, peer evaluation, and family influences. In contrast, young adulthood is characterized by greater autonomy and increased exposure to romantic, academic, and occupational evaluation. Nevertheless, both developmental stages involve heightened sensitivity to appearance-related feedback and therefore represent periods of increased vulnerability to appearance anxiety.