What outcomes matter in recovery from depression? A pilot study of young adults.

The development of higher-order cognitive skills like clinical reasoning and critical thinking is indispensable in analyzing and interpreting the complexities and uncertainties of patient care, preventing diagnostic error, and helping in therapeutic decision-making to meet the rapidly evolving healthcare requirements [,]. Traditional lecture methods often provide limited opportunities to nurture the deeper understanding, logical thinking, and analytical skills of medical students [,]. The implementation of active learning strategies like team-based learning (TBL) can be used to foster accountability, team collaboration, problem-solving, and higher-order thinking crucial for a smooth transition from medical students into competent doctors [-]. In the 1970s, TBL, first introduced by Dr. Larry Michaelsen in a business school in the United States, is a student-centered instructor-guided educational approach comprising pre-class preparation, the Individual Readiness Assurance Test (IRAT), the Team Readiness Assurance Test (TRAT), application exercise, and immediate feedback and clarification [,]. The key advantage of TBL is its ability to provide educational benefits of small group learning in a large classroom setting that requires few facilitators [].