From the Rainbow to the Sunset: Anticipated Availability of Informal Care for Older Sexual Minorities in the United States.

Pregnancy loss, encompassing both induced abortion and spontaneous miscarriage, represents a significant global public health challenge affecting 12–15% of clinically recognized pregnancies, with profound implications for women’s physical and mental health, family dynamics, and societal development. Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate of maternal abortion decreased from 1603.84 to 1001.64 per 100,000 population between 1990 and 2021, indicating an overall reduction in disease burden. However, regions with lower socioeconomic development continue to bear the highest burden, where iron deficiency remains a critical modifiable risk factor for pregnancy loss. Iron deficiency, the most prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide with a global prevalence of 16.7%, disproportionately affects women, contributing to substantial gender-based health disparities. Iron plays a pivotal role in sustaining pregnancy through its involvement in placental development, fetal oxygenation, and immune regulation. During gestation, maternal iron requirements increase substantially, and inadequate intake or impaired absorption can precipitate deficiency, elevating risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes through multifactorial mechanisms., Iron supplementation during pregnancy has been well-documented to reduce maternal anemia and improve pregnancy outcomes. Despite global progress in mitigating iron deficiency-related maternal abortion burden from 1990 to 2021, persistent disparities in socioeconomic status, health education, and healthcare accessibility have resulted in heterogeneous patterns of abortion burden attributable to iron deficiency across regions. The BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), representing major emerging economies with nearly half of the global population, serve as critical drivers of worldwide economic growth. Recent advancements in public health collaboration among BRICS countries have significantly increased their share of global health expenditures. Characterized by marked diversity in economic development, demographic profiles, healthcare resources, and educational attainment, these nations likely exhibit distinct trends in disease burden compared to other regions.