Prevalence, Persistence, and Severity of 12-Month and 30-Day DSM-5 Disorders in the Turkish World Mental Health Survey.

Unsafe care resulting in unintended patient harm and adverse events accounts for 15% of health spending in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (de Bienassis and Klazinga ). With the publication of landmark reports such as ‘To Err is Human’ (Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America ) and more recently with the COVID‐19 pandemic, the awareness of patient safety has become widely acknowledged as an ethical, economic and public health concern driving the need for research and improvement initiatives. Reducing patient harm is considered one of the most effective ways to create value in healthcare, which is best approached using a framework of governance, resilience, culture and transparency (Slawomirski and Klazinga ). To maintain safe healthcare systems, both for patients and workers, safety culture has gained increasing importance. Without measuring safety culture in healthcare settings, the ability to identify and reinforce interventions that enhance safety culture and, ultimately, patient safety becomes impossible (de Bienassis and Klazinga ). To the best of our knowledge, to date, there is no instrument specifically targeted to measure patient safety culture in home care. Such an instrument could enable the identification of areas for improvement and monitoring of the impact of interventions to promote patient safety in this setting. The World Health Organization's Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 emphasises the importance of embedding a safety culture in healthcare design and delivery. It calls for governments to adopt global approaches to cultivate safety culture, including building competencies for culture change (World Health Organization , 26). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) defines safety culture as the shared values, beliefs and norms among staff within an organisation that influence their safety behaviours (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ). Nevertheless, different definitions of safety culture exist, as well as of the term safety climate, which is often used interchangeably. However, distinctions have been made between these two concepts. Safety climate is sometimes referred to as the manifestation or expression of safety culture within an organisation, as the latter is invisible (Guldenmund ). Assessing staff perceptions of the safety climate through self‐report questionnaires can be used to assess safety‐related attitudes and perceptions, that is, the surface of the organisation's underlying safety culture, to identify areas for improvement, to track changes over time, to raise awareness of patient safety and for benchmarking purposes (Nieva and Sorra ).