Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare-A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein complex found within commonly consumed cereal grains (i.e., wheat, barley, and rye). CeD affects approximately 1% of the population, with women and non-Hispanic whites being more susceptible to CeD. The primary treatment for CeD is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet, which involves eliminating gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. This often requires avoiding staple foods and maintaining strict vigilance to prevent accidental exposure to gluten. This often results in social consequences for CeD patients, with CeD patients facing social stigma for these precautions and social isolation from being unable to engage in social activities meaningfully. Likewise, the monetary cost of maintaining a gluten-free diet is more taxing than a traditional diet, with gluten-free alternatives often costing more. Additionally, gluten-free diets often lack certain micronutrients, including Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, folate, and macronutrients such as fiber, which may then require additional costly supplementation. While a gluten-free diet is essential for managing the onset of symptoms, it introduces various challenges that affect an individual’s quality of life. Though physical and psychiatric impairment have been described in prior studies, data from the United States have been largely limited to single-center analyses at referral centers or by claims-based data with limited patient-reported outcomes. There remains a need for large-scale and nationally representative studies, including diverse demographics and self-reported data. We, therefore, aimed to assess physical disability and health care interactions using patient-reported data collected in a national cohort study. Our analysis focused on fatigue, functional disability, and healthcare engagement among individuals with and without CeD to identify disparities and inform future care strategies.