Strategies for Achieving Precision in Surgical Nursing Care-A Discursive Paper of a Project to Strengthen Person-Centred Care, Teamwork and Professional Development.

Fania (Fanny) Kaplan (1890–1918), who was reportedly visually impaired, confessed to the attempted assassination of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) in 1918 by shooting him with a pistol from about 10 feet (3 m). This event is of historical significance, because it contributed to the Red Terror, a series of reprisals which led to perhaps hundreds of thousands of deaths (Sixsmith, ). Lenin was shot in Moscow shortly before 10 p.m. on 30 August 1918, while walking past a crowd after delivering a speech. He was hit in the left shoulder and the left side of his neck; a third shot hit a female bystander. Lenin is reported to have survived the neck wound ‘because he had suddenly turned his head at the moment of the shot’ (Lyandres, ). Immediately after the shooting, several suspects were arrested, including Kaplan, who was interrogated by the Cheka (secret police) in the notorious Lubyanka prison. She confessed and was executed (Lyandres, ). Kaplan, born Feyga Chaimovna Roitblat (alternatively Feiga Khaimovna Roitman), was born into a Jewish family in Volhynia, now in Ukraine (Sixsmith, ). She became a revolutionary and began to use the name Fania Kaplan by 1906 (Lyandres, ). On 22 December 1906, Kaplan and an accomplice were assembling or storing one or more bombs in a hotel room in Kiev (now Kyiv) when there was a premature explosion. Kaplan is variously reported to have suffered minor injuries to her extremities and buttocks (Lyandres, ) or more severe injuries to her head (Figner, ) or her hands and face (Sixsmith, ) with subsequent vision and hearing loss. In addition, a hotel chambermaid was fatally wounded. Kaplan was convicted of armed assault and sentenced to death, although the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in a Siberian katorga, a forced labour camp and a precursor to the gulag (Lyandres, ).