A Large Language Model Approach to Functional Status Scale Assessment.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a chorioretinal disease, which is characterized by the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF), usually located under the macula (Feenstra et al., ). This accumulation of SRF may cause visual symptoms such as vision loss, metamorphopsia, and diminished colour and contrast vision. These visual symptoms may severely impact the quality of life of CSC patients, who are often relatively young (Breukink et al., ). CSC may be categorized as either acute or chronic CSC (cCSC), with acute CSC usually resolving spontaneously within 3–4 months, whereas cCSC may persist and lead to irreversible vision loss (Mohabati et al., ; Mohabati et al., ; Mrejen et al., ). The pathophysiology of CSC is not yet clearly understood (Feenstra et al., ; Kaye et al., ). However, choroidal abnormalities have been hypothesized to be an important underlying factor, with subsequent damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (Feenstra et al., ; Spaide et al., ). The most pronounced risk factors for CSC include age, male sex, pregnancy, and corticosteroid use (Feenstra et al., ). Currently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the treatment of choice for cCSC, as two large, randomized controlled trials have shown superiority over micropulse laser treatment and oral eplerenone treatment (PLACE and SPECTRA trials) (Feenstra, van Dijk, Rijssen, Tsonaka, Diederen, Hoyng, et al., ; Feenstra, van Dijk, Rijssen, Tsonaka, Diederen, Schlingemann, et al., ; van Dijk et al., , ; van Rijssen et al., , ). Although visual symptoms in patients with cCSC usually present unilaterally, bilateral abnormalities on fluorescein angiography (FA) have been found to be present in up to 42% of patients (Bujarborua et al., ; Gackle et al., ; Levine et al., ). Bilateral SRF presence in CSC has been found to occur in up to 47% of patients. Importantly, these numbers vary (Bujarborua et al., ; Ersoz et al., ; Singh et al., ). Reported risk factors for bilateral disease activity include older age, RPE alterations on FA or fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and hyperfluorescent choroidal areas on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) (Bousquet et al., ; Pauleikhoff et al., ; Spaide et al., ). Bilateral disease activity may negatively impact the visual functioning of patients even more, and it is therefore of great importance to assess the risk of SRF development in fellow eyes without the presence of SRF at baseline. Currently, insufficient knowledge is available to adequately counsel cCSC patients about the risk of disease development in the fellow eye. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the risk of development of SRF in the fellow eye in unilateral CSC and to describe risk factors for the SRF development in that fellow eye.