Larval zebrafish minimize energy consumption during hunting via adaptive movement selection.

The retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is composed of ganglion cell axons that converge on the optic nerve head. (Shi et al., ) Recent population‐based cohort studies have shown that RNFL deficits are associated with lower birth weight, longer ocular axial length, exposure to tobacco smoke and lower physical working capacity (Ashina et al., ; Lee, Mackey, et al., ; Lee, McVeigh, et al., ; Pueyo et al., ; Zhu et al., ). The prevalence of daily smokers among people aged 15 years or older in Europe in 2019 ranged from 6.4% to 28.7%. (Eurostat, ). Despite the high prevalence of smoking, little is known about how tobacco smoking affects the ganglion cells of the retina, their RNFL axons, and their continuation in the optic nerve. Prior studies have shown that different optic neuropathies have a predilection for specific sections of the retinal ganglion cell layer. Thus, autosomal‐dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) has a peripapillary nerve fibre layer deficit in its early stages that is most prominent in the inferotemporal peripapillary RNFL sector (Park & Hwang, ; Rönnbäck et al., ). This is different from the predilection of glaucomatous nerve fibre layer deficits for the inferior peripapillary RNFL sector (Bowd et al., ; Kwon et al., ; Larrosa et al., ) and that of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy for the papillomacular bundle (Park & Hwang, ; Wang et al., ). The present study examined the topographical distribution of RNFL deficits related to prenatal and postnatal tobacco exposure in three cohorts to try to determine if it is also unevenly distributed and, if so, in what type of pattern. The study combined data from three cohorts that were examined using comparable optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquisition techniques on platforms that provide RNFL thickness analyses divided into four equally large quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior, temporal (COPSAC)) or six sectors that differ from the former in that upper and the lower quadrants are divided in two along a vertical meridian (CCC2000 and the Raine Study Gen2). Summarization of outcomes were made by identification of the most severely affected sector or sectors, the latter if there were or more that were affected to nearly the same degree.