Establishment of an Early Pregnancy Care Clinic.

In August 2009, the European Commission issued revised visual standards for a driver's licence (directive 2009/113/EC). According to the directive, Group 1 licence holders must have a binocular visual acuity of at least 0.5, as well as a visual field extending at least 120° laterally and 40° in height (20° up and down) with no defects within a radius of the central 20° (COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/113/EC, ). However, the directive does not specify criteria for passing or failing the visual field standards and this likely has contributed to the wide range of implementations by the different member states. A survey on the European visual field standards for driving was performed by a Norwegian research group in 2022 with 25 responding ophthalmic experts from different European countries. Of these, 15 reported that their government endorsed a specific perimetry test to assess visual field standards for driving. The most common approach was a combination of threshold perimetry and Esterman testing (9/15), while three countries relied solely on the Esterman test, two on threshold perimetry test and one on a special two‐level suprathreshold test. Only five of these 15 countries also defined unaccepted losses for compliance of the standards (Sudmann et al., ). The Swedish application of the directive was adopted on 1 September 2010 (TSFS2010:125, ). Compared with those of the other Nordic countries, Sweden's regulations, especially the visual field standards, have been considered stricter (Bro & Lindblom, ) and perceived by some as unfair, leading to instances of illegal driving and distrust in the licensing authorities (Nyberg et al., ). Recently, Sweden revised its visual field standards, adopting the new regulations on 1 February 2025. The updated standards rely on the Esterman perimetry test (TSFS 2024:65, ), aligning Sweden with Norway, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, the revised Swedish standards also include an exception: if a threshold perimetry test meets certain criteria, a renewal of a Group 1 driver's licence may be approved without an Esterman perimetry test. In contrast, for licence withdrawal, a failed Esterman perimetry test remains mandatory.