Field-Free Spin-Splitting-Torque Driven Stochastic Neuron Mimicking the Neuromorphic Imagination for High-Performance Recognition.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has become an increasingly common surgical intervention for complex shoulder disorders [], particularly among older adults with rotator cuff arthropathy, irreparable rotator cuff tears, and advanced glenohumeral arthritis [, ]. With global population ageing, the demand for RTSA continues to rise [], accompanied by growing emphasis on postoperative functional recovery and quality of life. Following hospital discharge, most functional recovery occurs in the home setting, where patients are expected to independently manage and perform prescribed rehabilitation exercises [, ]. Effective home-based rehabilitation is therefore essential for restoring shoulder function, improving activities of daily living, and preventing postoperative complications [, ]. Evidence suggests that the first six months after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty represent a critical period for functional recovery [, ], placing substantial demands on patients’ engagement in home-based rehabilitation. However, participation in rehabilitation varies widely, and routine health guidance provided during hospitalization and at discharge—including written educational materials, rehabilitation exercise videos, and instructions regarding regular follow-up—may not be sufficient to address individual differences in patients’ beliefs, perceptions, and motivation. As a result, some patients and caregivers may continue to experience gaps in rehabilitation-related knowledge and self-management after discharge []. Furthermore, existing research has largely emphasized clinical outcomes [], offering limited insight into patients’ lived experiences and self-management processes, highlighting the need for qualitative, nursing-focused research on home-based rehabilitation. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a well-established theoretical framework for explaining health-related behaviors through individuals’ perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy []. Widely applied in nursing and rehabilitation research, the HBM offers a useful lens for interpreting patients’ engagement in self-managed and preventive health behaviors []. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore home-based rehabilitation experiences among patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and to interpret these experiences from the perspective of the Health Belief Model, thereby informing the development of theory-guided nursing interventions to support postoperative rehabilitation.