Dissecting the Ecological Structure of Health and Disease in the Global Gut Microbiome.

With the wide applications of wearable electronics in the smart home, electronic skin, and health monitor, the development of self‐powered sensing technology is still moving toward higher reliability and comfortable wearing [, , , , , , , , , , , , , ]. For task like firefighting and emergency response in complex domains, it is imperative to have human‐machine interaction systems that can operate stably over a prolonged period of time, enabling real‐time on‐site information acquisition and precise remote device control‐factors directly critical to rescue efficiency and personnel safety []. To accommodate these extreme cases, a perfect pressure sensor would be able to respond in two modes: fast for impact and slow for pressure, while providing good breathability and biocompatibility for wearing comfort. There are clear shortcomings of the available solutions: despite being able to achieve a dual‐mode sensing with conventional capacitive or resistive sensors, their dependence on an external power supply, which limits their use over long periods at risky places [, , , , , ]. Commonly used self‐powered piezoelectric/triboelectric sensors are likewise self‐powered and require no external source, although they tend to struggle with static or quasi–static pressure signals in particular [, ]. Within the pathway of dual‐mode self‐powered sensing, two main technical routes currently exist. The first is a mixed approach consisting of piezoelectric/triboelectric coupled with capacitive/resistive elements. This method has the disadvantages of signal crosstalk, structural complexity, and high costs, limiting its practical application [, , , , ]. The second route involves potentiometric sensors based on redox reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface, which merge self‐powering and dual‐mode detection within a simple structure, demonstrating unique potential. Nevertheless, several challenges remain for their practical implementation: the output voltage is generally low; most designs employ non‐breathable substrates, significantly impairing long‐term wearing comfort; and the use of liquid electrolytes introduces risks of leakage and evaporation, raising stability concerns [, , , , , ]. For instance, the potentiometric–triboelectric hybrid sensor developed by Wu et al. achieved dual‐mode response but still exhibited an output voltage below 1 V [, ]. Dai et al. developed a zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitor‐based mechanical‐electrochemical conversion device capable of self‐powered sensing and adjustable energy supply. However, its encapsulation with PET and Kapton tape may compromise skin breathability in wearable applications []. Kim et al.’s functional sponge sensor based on liquid electrolyte was limited by encapsulation reliability and output stability []. Thus, though continuous advances in electrochemical interface engineering, there remains a challenge to achieve wearing comfort (e.g., insufficient breathability) while maintaining high output voltage and long‐term stability. It is still a major bottleneck for the deployment of this technology to long‐duration and high‐reliability applications. To overcome these issues, in this work we develop a potentiometric pressure sensor based upon a zinc–iodine (Zn–I) electrochemical system. The proposed sensor employs a medical nonwoven fabric (NF) as the substrate, fabricating the electrode system via laser‐induced graphene (LIG) with screen‐printing processes, and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/zinc chloride (ZnCl) hydrogel as the solid electrolyte [, ]. This design offers both high ionic conductivity and interface stability as well as good breathability and wearing comfort. Its operating mechanism is based on pressure modulated the electrode–electrolyte contact area, which is used to directly regulate the Zn–I redox reaction to generate an electrical signal positively correlated with the applied pressure. The sensor achieves a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.31 V, sufficient to directly power microelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), and demonstrates outstanding dual‐mode response performance for both dynamic and static pressures. Furthermore, the sensor was integrated into a firefighting glove to construct an intelligent interactive system capable of real‐time gesture recognition, remote control of a detection vehicle, and simultaneous reception of multi‐modal environmental data including temperature, gas concentration, and video feedback. It allows for a reliable remote control as well as real‐time situational awareness in hazardous rescue scenarios. Experimental results also confirm the high responsiveness and operational stability of the system in practical applications, offering a new and useful wearable solution for emergency response in high‐risk environments.