Mapping the evidence supporting FDA-authorized digital therapeutics, before and after authorization.
Authors: Amyx M, Alebouyeh F, Phi NTT, Ravaud P, Tran VT
Journal: NPJ digital medicine
mental health
psychology
open access
Abstract
By mid‐2024, 122.6 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide because of persecution, conflict, and human rights violations. Of these, 32 million were refugees and 8 million were asylum‐seekers. The 1951 Refugee Convention defines a refugee as an individual who has been forced to leave their country because of a fear of being persecuted based on their race, religion, nationality, membership in a specific social group, or political beliefs and is either unable or unwilling, because of this fear, to return to their country. Those who are awaiting to be legally recognized as refugees are referred to as . The term used in this article refers to individuals who have had refugee‐like experiences without necessarily meeting the Refugee Convention definition of a . Women of refugee background who migrated from low‐resource environments to high‐income countries face a higher risk of maternal mortality, postpartum hemorrhage, abnormal labor, maternal admission to intensive care, stillbirth, and neonatal death compared with their native‐born counterparts., , These women are likely to experience barriers accessing perinatal care and other health and social services because of their gender, culture, language, religion, or refugee and asylum‐seeking status. These barriers can lead to additional retraumatization, further marginalization,, and exacerbate the risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. The World Health Organization's (WHO's) Sustainable Development Goals identified maternal mortality as a key issue that needs to be addressed, and global efforts are required to accelerate the decline of maternal mortality by 2030. This underscores the urgent need for improved access and quality of perinatal care for women of refugee background globally. Maternal health and well‐being during pregnancy are critical to achieving optimal short‐ and long‐term health outcomes for both women and infants. In high‐income countries, such as Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, perinatal care typically involves routine monitoring of physical, psychosocial, and mental health and other risk factors in order to facilitate timely support and intervention., , , Despite the availability of comprehensive services, access to high‐quality, safe perinatal care remains inequitable. Variations in care are shaped by factors such as geographic location, health care needs, service availability, cost, and women's individual circumstances., , , These inequities contribute to persistent disparities in maternal and child health outcomes. The WHO recommends that respectful perinatal care for refugees should foster positive pregnancy, labor, and birth experiences through effective provider‐patient communication, simple and culturally safe approaches to care, companionship during labor and childbirth, and continuity of care.