Perceived control over falling: a qualitative study of psychological aspects in older adults with fall concerns.

Preterm birth (birth prior to 37 weeks) continues to be the primary cause of infant mortality and a significant factor in the global disease burden [–]. In 2020, the WHO and UNICEF estimated the global preterm birth rate to be between 4% and 16%, impacting approximately 13–14 million infants []. Complications arising from prematurity are the primary cause of mortality in children under five, showing minimal global reduction, and significantly contribute to long-term morbidity and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) []. Post-discharge readmission rates exhibit significant variability, indicating diverse risk factors and the necessity for tailored interventions [–]. The necessity to enhance care for preterm infants in Indonesia is evident. The national prevalence of preterm birth surpasses 10%, resulting in hundreds of thousands of instances each year and significantly impacting infant mortality [, ]. Neonatal mortality continues to be elevated in comparison to neighbouring Southeast Asian countries, with West Java bearing a significant burden []. Multiple districts within the Bandung region are designated as high-burden areas for infant mortality, while rates of preterm birth continue to be significantly elevated [, –]. Operational limitations regarding referral capacity and continuity of care at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities and private midwife practices (PMB) render the post-hospital transition a vital factor in determining long-term outcomes []. These geographic and systemic constraints reflect persistent health inequities, whereby families residing in high-burden districts experience systematically reduced access to coordinated post-discharge support and continuity of care compared to populations in better-resourced settings. The transfer of care for preterm infants from hospital to home represents a vital phase which parents can encounter deficiencies in knowledge, self-efficacy, and emotional preparedness. These disparities affect home-based care practices, developmental and growth monitoring, and the likelihood of readmission. Cross-level communication—connecting hospital perinatal units, primary healthcare services, and families—is vital for ensuring continuity of post-discharge care [–], yet is frequently unsynchronised, resulting in fragmented information and inconsistent support. Such communication failures do not affect all families equally; rather, they disproportionately disadvantage caregivers with limited health literacy, social support, and access to follow-up services. As a result, communication functions as a structural mechanism through which inequities in caregiving capacity and infant health outcomes are produced and reinforced. In numerous low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the absence of structured communication frameworks that facilitate integrated services across different levels of care continues to hinder parental preparedness and diminishes the continuity between hospital guidance and community follow-up care. Evidence indicates that discharge education is frequently inconsistent, pre-discharge communications are inadequately organised, and community follow-up procedures are not consistently focused on ongoing education and practical support [, , ]. These deficiencies hinder parental cognitive, behavioural, and psychological preparedness, elevating the risks of inadequate home care and readmission. Informal tools, such as instant messaging (e.g., WhatsApp), are occasionally used to address communication deficiencies; however, they are unstructured, non-educational, and inadequate for ensuring continuity of care [–]. While such informal approaches may temporarily benefit some families, their unstructured and exclusionary nature risks further widening inequities in access to reliable, consistent, and actionable caregiving information. The WHO emphasises that reducing issues associated with preterm necessitates effective communication, especially Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) [, ]. Although educational and BCC strategies enhance family knowledge and in-home care [–], key gaps remain.