Facilitators and barriers to childhood immunization in Canada: a scoping review.

Breast cancer, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, often leaves survivors facing a range of physical, psychological, and social disabilities [–]. Despite advances in treatment and diagnosis, the disabling impact of breast cancer remains a significant public health concern [–]. To develop effective strategies to mitigate this impact, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, distribution, and predictors of breast cancer related disabilities across diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts is imperative [, ]. This secondary analysis, drawing from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, aims to fill this knowledge gap by providing an accurate assessment of the global diversities of disability caused by breast cancer in 204 countries and territories [, ]. By estimating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [] as a metric, this study captures not only the years of life lost due to premature mortality but also the years lived with disability. Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) represent the number of healthy years lost due to non-fatal health outcomes from breast cancer. YLDs are computed as prevalence multiplied by the disability weight reflecting disease severity. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator of development status strongly correlated with health outcomes. It comprises three components, calculated using geometric mean: total fertility rate under the age of 25, mean education for individuals aged ≥ 15 and lag distributed income per capita. In the GBD 2021, countries and territories were stratified into five SDI categories: low, low middle, middle, high middle and high. Notably, lower SDI values indicate lower levels of societal development [].