Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Quality of Life in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Validity, Reliability, and Clinical Utility-A Narrative Review.

Palliative care constitutes a clinically, relationally and ethically complex field of practice, characterised by the structured interaction of multiple professionals and the integration of medical, psychological, social and spiritual competences. Healthcare organisations are called upon to guarantee the patient’s right to care through a system capable of responding to multidimensional needs at the advanced and terminal phase of illness. In Italy, this is operationalised through Law 38/2010, which guarantees access to palliative care and pain therapy, and Law 219/2017 (Art. 5), which institutes Shared Care Planning—not merely a legal instrument but the outcome of a relational and decisional process founded on cooperation between professionals, patients and families. Interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity are therefore not solely organisational arrangements but epistemological principles that orient palliative philosophy [,,,,]. Shared communication, reciprocal listening between specialists and multidimensional needs assessment translate the principle of holistic care into an individualised plan aimed at quality of life and dignified accompaniment []. Yet the organisational and relational complexity of the palliative model does not exhaust itself in its structural dimension; it is profoundly mirrored in the subjective experience of the professionals involved. Working where suffering, vulnerability and proximity to death are everyday clinical realities entails intense and continuous emotional exposure [] and locates professionals in a position of constant tension between professional responsibility, affective involvement and the structural limits of the care system. The literature has identified a family of constructs to describe the psychological impact of palliative work, including moral distress, vicarious trauma, vicarious grief, compassion fatigue and burnout, alongside compassion satisfaction [,,].