Is continuous dopaminergic delivery still a major goal to be achieved in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

Although reperfusion therapy has markedly improved short-term survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major obstacle to favorable long-term clinical outcomes. This pathological process is characterized by a complex interplay of oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammatory responses, and multiple cell death pathways, resulting not only in myocardial stunning and microvascular dysfunction but also in irreversible myocardial injury. Importantly, I/R injury is a key driver of pathological ventricular remodeling and ultimately contributes to the progression to heart failure []. Therefore, multitarget interventions directed at the interconnected pathological networks of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in I/R injury have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient prognosis. In recent years, natural products with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and multipathway regulatory properties have attracted considerable attention [,]. Their intrinsically low toxicity and potential to exert synergistic effects on multiple targets provide a promising approach for addressing this complex pathological process. spp., commonly known as Chinese yam, is a traditional medicinal and edible plant whose tubers are rich in a variety of bioactive constituents, including polysaccharides, dioscin, and allantoin []. Among these components, Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYPs) are regarded as one of its principal active constituents, and modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that they possess a broad range of biological activities []. Although numerous studies have documented the diverse effects of CYPs on antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses, and metabolic regulation, their specific role and underlying mechanisms in acute cardiovascular events, particularly myocardial I/R injury, remain unclear. Notably, the central pathological features of myocardial I/R injury—including oxidative burst, uncontrolled inflammation, activation of multiple programmed cell death pathways, and microvascular dysfunction—closely correspond to the established pharmacological targets of CYPs. This mechanistic overlap suggests that CYPs may confer cardioprotective effects by synergistically modulating the complex pathological network of I/R injury through their intrinsic multitarget properties. However, this hypothesis still requires experimental validation. The gut microbiota is closely associated with myocardial I/R injury []. Certain microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), have been shown to aggravate cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and thereby exacerbate I/R injury []. In contrast, high-fiber diets promote the expansion of beneficial bacteria and increase the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as acetate, which confer cardioprotective effects by improving mitochondrial function and suppressing inflammatory responses [,]. Likewise, interventions involving probiotics such as Lactobacillus reuteri or its metabolite GABA, as well as bioactive compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicine such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), have been reported to attenuate myocardial I/R injury by remodeling the gut microbial composition and inhibiting inflammatory pathways, including the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 axis [,]. Collectively, these findings support the rationale for targeting the gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy for myocardial I/R injury. However, whether CYPs supplementation influences myocardial I/R injury through modulation of the gut microbiota remains to be determined.