Lactate metabolism regulation enhances cuproptosis to activate antitumor immunity: Synergistic therapy of hyaluronic acid nanomicelles delivering lactate oxidase/copper-doped carbon dots combined with

Disorders of the larynx are a frequent source of upper-airway obstruction in dogs []. Clinical presentation of laryngeal stenosis varies from subtle exercise intolerance to acute, life-threatening distress []. Effective management is critical to improve quality of life and survival []. Despite diagnostic and surgical advances, laryngeal disease remains complex and demands continued innovation and refinement []. Anatomically, the larynx is a sophisticated structure composed of nine cartilages that together with the intrinsic laryngeal muscles coordinate glottic opening and closure to regulate airflow and protect the lower airway from aspiration []. When these kinematics are disrupted, predictable patterns of disease arise []. Among the most frequently observed disorders is laryngeal paralysis, predominantly in older large- and giant-breed dogs []. Failure of arytenoid abduction during inspiration narrows the rima glottidis and increases resistance []. While congenital forms occur in specific breeds, the acquired form is far more common and is associated with polyneuropathy, trauma, or idiopathic causes; in many patients it heralds progressive, generalized neurologic disease. Clinical management typically involves surgery, most often unilateral arytenoid lateralization [].