Morning peak and high prevalence of pulmonary embolism and psychiatric disorders in women with sudden cardiac arrest: results from the ReCaPTa study.

Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare, histologically benign, and slow-growing yet clinically challenging brain tumor that predominantly affects the pediatric population, most commonly between the ages of 5 and 15, and again in adults aged 45 to 60, showing a bimodal age distribution. Originating in the sella turcica and suprasellar region, it often compresses adjacent neurovascular structures, particularly the optic chiasm, optic nerves, pituitary gland, and cerebral arteries, commonly referred to as the circle of Willis, leading to visual disturbances, endocrine dysfunction, and hypothalamic disorders (–). Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, although it is associated with a high risk of complications, including panhypopituitarism and visual loss due to the tumor's proximity to the visual pathways, as well as hypothalamic obesity, sleep and thermoregulation disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral or psychosocial difficulties that may significantly impact long-term quality of life (, ). Visual prognosis is one of the key concerns in pediatric CP and strongly influences quality of life (–). Visual outcomes depend not only on direct tumor compression but also on secondary mechanisms including disrupted axoplasmic flow, altered myelin integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction (, ). These processes are likely related to the local microcirculatory environment, where hypoperfusion and ischemia could potentially contribute to neurodegenerative changes (, ). Moreover, tumor mass effect and growth may disturb microcirculation both locally and in distant areas (). The choroid, one of the most vascularized tissues in the body, plays a critical role in maintaining the metabolic and structural integrity of the outer retina. Disturbances in choroidal circulation may lead to photoreceptor ischemia, oxidative stress, and vision loss (–). Importantly, choroidal perfusion may be influenced by intracranial tumors, neurosurgical interventions, and intracranial pressure changes (–).