Spadmiss with basal ganglia calcification and multilocus genetic disease: a novel phenotypic expansion.

Labour pain is one of the most severe pains experienced by women []. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the American Society of Anaesthesiologists, effective pain relief should be offered to all parturients, and maternal request alone constitutes a valid indication for labour analgesia in the absence of contraindications []. The physiological stress response to labour pain leads to sympathetic nervous system activation, increased cardiac output, and hypertension. These changes may reduce uteroplacental perfusion and can adversely influence the progress of labour [-]. In addition to physiological effects, inadequately managed labour pain has been associated with negative psychological outcomes, including impaired maternal-infant bonding and postpartum mood disturbances []. An ideal labour analgesic technique should provide consistent and effective pain relief without compromising maternal safety, fetal well-being, or the natural progression of labour []. Among the available options, neuraxial techniques, particularly epidural analgesia, are considered the most reliable method for achieving effective analgesia during labour. These techniques offer superior pain control without significant maternal or neonatal sedation [].