Genetic Overlap Between Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Neurological Disorders: Insights from a Next-Generation Sequencing Study.

Ovarian cancer ranks as the eighth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. An estimated 324,603 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2022 and 206,956 died of the disease according to GLOBOCAN 2022. The global number of ovarian cancer cases and deaths is projected to increase by 46.9% and 62.7%, respectively, reaching 476,912 cases and 336,637 deaths by 2050. Although there have been advances in ovarian cancer screening, detection, and treatment methods over the past several decades, particularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy, ovarian cancer remains largely incurable with a 5-year net survival < 50% in most countries. The substantial disease burden underscores the public health significance given the persistent challenges in treating ovarian cancer. A structured search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (January 1990–May 2025) was performed using terms related to ovarian cancer epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Peer-reviewed original studies, pooled analyses, meta-analyses, and large population-based investigations were included, while non-English publications, case reports, conference abstracts, and studies lacking methodologic detail were excluded. Additional sources were identified through manual reference screening. This review presents the most recent and comprehensive evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention of ovarian cancer with the aim of enhancing global understanding and informing public health strategies to reduce the burden of disease. Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group that originates from epithelial and non-epithelial cells, resulting in two major subtypes (epithelial and non-epithelial ovarian cancer). Each subtype is characterized by distinct origins, pathologic features, epidemiologic patterns, and risk factors. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common form, accounting for 90%–95% of all ovarian cancers. Epithelial cancer is classified histologically into serous (52%), endometrioid (10%), mucinous (6%), clear cell (6%), and unspecified subtypes (approximately 25%). Low-grade serous carcinomas are thought to originate from fallopian tube epithelium (endosalpingiosis) or serous ovarian borderline tumors, whereas endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas originate from endometrial tissue (endometriosis). Most mucinous carcinomas are believed to derive from transitional epithelium at the tuboperitoneal junction.