Correlation of Contusion Morphology and Volume With Functional Recovery and in Hospital Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury.

This review was designed as a structured mechanistic review rather than a formal systematic review. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Embase from database inception to March 2026. Search terms included Piezo1, Piezo2, TRPV4, mechanotransduction, intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilage endplate, facet joint, ligamentum flavum, dorsal root ganglion, lumbar degeneration, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, manual therapy, spinal manipulation, mobilization, traction, and relevant combinations. Reference lists of key articles and related reviews were also screened manually to capture early biomechanical studies, foundational work on mechanosensitive channels, and important methodological papers. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 199 publications were included in the narrative evidence synthesis and cited in the main text. During study selection, priority was given to human studies directly addressing DLS or lumbar degeneration. This was followed by experimental, translational, biomechanical, and clinical studies on the intervertebral disc, cartilage endplate, facet joint, ligamentum flavum, dorsal root ganglion, and manual therapy for low back pain. When direct lumbar evidence was limited, mechanistic studies from related musculoskeletal tissues or preclinical models were used only as supporting evidence. Conference abstracts, editorials, duplicate publications, and studies without a clear link to mechanotransduction, lumbar degenerative tissues, or manual therapy were excluded from further synthesis. Because the included studies differed substantially in model systems, tissue types, outcome measures, and intervention definitions, the evidence was integrated narratively rather than by quantitative meta-analysis. To avoid conflating direct DLS evidence with evidence from related degenerative conditions or preclinical mechanisms, the included literature was stratified by evidence source, relevance to DLS, and role in the argument of this review (). Evidence hierarchy and DLS relevance of the main evidence sources included in this review.